International Journal of Educational Research and Development

Staff turnover at the higher institution level, in particular, the university, is a serious concern for
many researchers. It appears that this problem is not peculiar to Nigeria; it is common to the
African continent. the predictors of low turnover may sometimes differ from those of high turnover,
so also gender differences in turnover across higher institutions. It is worthwhile to examine the
rate of males and females academic staff that are in these institutions made up of Federal and State
Universities, Federal and State Polytechnics, and Federal and State Colleges of Education in
Lagos State.The purpose of the study was to determine gender and academic staff turnover in public
higher institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. Anchored on ex-post facto research design, the study
population was 3,333 academic staff (Federal higher institutions=1960; State higher
institutions=1373) from these, a sample of 474 academic staff (Federal=190; State=284) was
drawn using stratified random sampling technique and consisting of only those staff that had spent
a minimum of 10 years at their respective institutions. The instrument used for data collection was a
questionnaire entitled Records on Academic Staff Turnover from the Institutions (RASTI). The
instrument was validated and found reliable at r=0.89. Guided by two research questions and one
hypothesis, the resulting data were analyzed using both the descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results obtained showed that there is high turnover in both Federal and State higher institutions in
Lagos State. However, no significant interaction between the means of turnover on the basis of staff
structure between Federal and State higher institutions, The result of the tests of between subjects
effects that was perform revealed that no significant differences existed between the means of
academic staff turnover for the type of institutions, (F(1, 116) = .067, p > .05). The results further
provided that significant difference existed between the means of the academic staff turnover for the
gender, (F (1, 116) = 10.236, p <.05).The results of the main effects were however not substantiated
by the interaction effect result which provided that no significant difference existed between the
means of male and female academic staff turnover in Federal and State higher institutions that are
in Lagos State (F (1, 116) = 2.934, p =.089). Based on these findings, it was recommended that
managements of higher institutions should create or encourage career opportunities and
development for academic staff to encourage their retention.

Budgeting is a necessary tool overtime, it has been observed that when funds approved are released
such funds fall short of either what was requested and approved in the budget. The purpose of this
study was to determine the budgetary allocations and efficiency in Universities in Ondo State,
Nigeria. Descriptive research design of the survey type and ex-post-facto design were adopted for
the study. The population of the study consisted of the bursar, the registrar and the internal auditor
of the universities. Data were collected using an inventory titled “Budgetary'' Allocation and
Efficiency of University Education” (BAEUE). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to
test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed a positive relationship between
budgetary allocation and efficiency of University education [r= 0.884, p< 0.05]; also significant
difference existed in budgetary allocation between State and Federal Universities [t-call =37.60,
P<0.05]; there was also a significant difference in the efficiency of State and Federal Universities
[t-call =-1.749; P<0.05]. However, there was no significant difference between enrolment of male
and female students [t (4) =0.004, P>.05]. Findings from the study further revealed fluctuating
trend in the budgetary allocation which transformed to a higher efficiency across all the
Universities in the period under study. It was concluded that a good budgetary allocation enhances
better efficiency in the Universities. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Government both
at federal and state levels should ensure that there is regularity in the disbarment of budgetary
allocations to the Universities, so that their expenses are catered for as at when due.

The study examined teachers-students' relationship as a crucial determinants and catalyst of
academic performance. The study made use of four hundred (400) senior secondary schools
teachers selected from the eighteen Local Government areas of Ondo State. A descriptive research
of a survey type was used. The instrument used for gathering information is titled, Teacher-Students
Relationship and Academic Performance in Public Secondary School Questionnaire
(TSRAPPSSQ). The instrument was validated and found reliable at r =0.81 Three research
questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated and tested to establish the teacherstudents'
relationship in public secondary schools in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo
State, Nigeria? Data were analysed using Pearson's product moment correlation (PPMC)
statistics. Analysis of data revealed that a significant relationship exists between teacher-students'
relationship and students' academic performance (r =0.687, p > 0.235). Also, a significant
relationship exists between teacher-student relationship and teachers' gender (r=0.652, p> 0.05).
The study concludes that positive teacher-student relationship will enhance students' attitude to
academic work and performance. It is hereby recommended that there is the need to improve
teacher-students' relationship to enhance students' academic performance. Also, Government and
communities should ensure provisions of needed infrastructure and other relevant learning
resources to enhance motivation of both teachers and students' attitude to academic work and
performance.

Psychological wellbeing among adolescents has been a debate among various researchers,
families, government and educational researchers. The prevalent rate of poor psychological wellbeing
among adolescents in different parts of the world gives room for concern. This study therefore, examined the
effects of family instability and environmental factors on psycho-social wellbeing of adolescents in Akinyele
local government area, Oyo state.
The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. Three hundred secondary school
adolescents were chosen from the selected schools through simple random sampling technique. Two
research hypotheses were postulated and tested. Adopted questionnaire consisting of demographic section,
and standardized scales on family instability, environmental factors and psycho-social wellbeing was used
to collect data. The data was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression.
The findings revealed that there was significant relationship between family instability and psycho-social
wellbeing (r =.297**, N= 300, P < .05); there was significant relationship between environmental factors
and psycho-social wellbeing (r =.250**, N= 300, P < .05). The two independent variables had relative
significant relationship with psychological wellbeing.
Based on this, governmental and non-governmental agencies, educational sector, counsellors,
researchers and the policy maker have to assist in combating the issue of psychosocial wellbeing.

The study investigated the effect of lucozade sport drinks for hydration on leg power of amateur
athletes of Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko. The pre-test post-test research design was
used for the study while the population consists of all amateur athletes of Adekunle Ajasin
University Akungba Akoko, Ondo State. From which 10 athletes were selected as sample using the
purposive random sampling techniques to select 5 male and 5 female athletes of Adekunle Ajasin
University Akungba Akoko, Ondo State who volunteered for the study. A self-constructed data
collection form was used. The researcher went to the training ground of the athletes to administer
the data collection form for demographic data of the athletes before the vertical jump records were
taken by the researcher. There was a significant effect of lucozade sport drinks on hydration and leg
power of amateur athletes of Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko as pre-test (Mean = 2.58,
SD = 0.17) to post-test of (Mean = 2.66, SD = 0.20). The University management should provide
sport drinks to athletes of Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko to enhance the performance
in sporting activities especially during training and competitions. This will keep the athletes
hydrated and increase their chances of emerging victorious in their competitions. Sport drinks e.g.
lucozade boost should be encouraged in sports so as to discourage athletes from using illegal
substances (doping) for performance.

This paper examined community participation in Mosquito Treated Nets (MTNs) approach to Roll
Back Malaria (RBM) in Nigerian communities. It posited that the resources invested in the MTNs
approach is not having commensurate result judging from the increased records of malaria
outbreak in the country. It equally remarked that the abused, misused and abandoned MTNs all over
the rural communities could be due to lack of active involvement of the people in the design of the
MTNs' approach to RBM. Various aspect of community participation would influence the
effectiveness and sustainability of community development programmes with different magnitudes
as the relevance, success, popular acceptance and sustainability of MTNs would improve with
greater active community participation throughout the project cycle. To achieve the purpose of the
MTNs' approach to RBM programme in Nigeria, it is suggested that community dwellers must be
actively involved from the conception of the programme to the use as it has been seen that getting the
people involved enhances higher level of responsibilities from within the people. This will make the
MTNs' approach more acceptable to the people, facilitates its usage, and makes it sustainable.

Natural disasters are unexpected natural catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant
physical damage/destruction, loss of life and/or sometimes permanent change to the natural
environment. In the early 20th century, natural disasters were reported to occur 3,788 times but there
was a tremendous increase in the number of occurrences as it rose to 25,874 times in the early 21st
century. There is a massive campaign against human activities that engender disasters but despite
this, much has not been achieved in the area of disaster prevention and its management. This study
therefore examined the attitudes and practices of literate and neo-literate toward disaster
management in Nigeria. It sought the level of awareness of the people about disaster prevention and
its management.
This study employed the descriptive research design of the survey type. The population consisted of
sampled adults living in Oyo State. Three thousand five hundred and twenty (3520) adults,
comprising of equal number of males and females with equal number of literates and neo-literates
were selected through the stratified random sampling technique from eight local government areas
of Oyo State. A self-developed questionnaire was administered to this sampled population. The
research questions and hypotheses that guided the study were answered using descriptive statistics
and analyzed respectively based on the responses of the people. T-test and ANOVA were used to
determine level of significance at 0.05.
Findings of the study revealed that there was significant difference between the attitudes of literates
and neo-literates in all these local government areas of the Oyo State toward disaster management (
t= 1.225; p? 0.05).There was also significant difference between the practices of literates and neoliterates
toward disaster management (t= 1.225; p<0.05).
Conclusively, this study revealed that the attitudes and practices of literates in Oyo State differed
significantly from the attitudes and practices of neo-literates and this thought to be connected to the
variations in educational levels that in turn affect their awareness, attitudes and practices towards
both man-made and natural disasters management.
It is therefore recommended that government needs to be actively and practically involved in
educating people through early warning messages and awareness programmes such as radio
jingles, seminars, workshops, conferences, billboards, handbills on the various types of disaster
and their management. Environmental and Waste Management Board should be made to function with sufficient provision of vehicles, human resources and other materials needed. All other
stakeholders in the society including religious institutions should be made to join in the public
enlightenment on this nagging issue.

In spite of the prestigious status of French language in Nigeria, it is lugubrious that Frenchas a
language remains one of the avoided subjects at senior secondary school level. Studies indicated
that students avoided it because they do not find French classes interesting and therefore do not see
any prospects in it. On this basis, this study examined the effects of learning resources on academic
performance ofjunior secondary schools in French in OndoState. Descriptive survey design was
adopted for this study. Through simple randomsampling technique, six hundred students were
selected across ten (10) Local Government Areas in OndoState. The instruments used for data
collection were: Learning Resources and Students' Attitudes on Academic Performance
Questionnaire (LRSAPQ) and students' previous test results. Two hypotheses were generated for
the study. Data were analysed using ANOVA. The study found out that: French teachers'non-use of
learning resources does significantly affect junior secondary school students' academic
performance. Junior secondary school students'attitudes towards the French language does
significantly predict their academic performance in French language. Based on the findings of the
study, the following recommendations were made: that government should re-orientates and
sensitisethe populace on the need to learn French language in Nigeria. In the same manner,
government should make conscious efforts to provide adequate physical resources as this would
enhance the study of French in Nigeria.

All bodies of water surface can be exciting to explore, but not without appropriate knowledge,
attitude or skills. Such expedition is hazardous to non-meticulous persons. Water accidents
resulting from non circumspection affect health and well-being of thousands of people every year.
This paper investigated water safety information and consequences of uninformed water expedition
among fresh university students in Ogun State. It is a descriptive survey, and the population
comprised fresh university students. It was delimited to a public university in Ogun State. Selfdeveloped
questionnaire (r = 0.79) was used for data collection. Gleaned data were analysed using
frequency counts and percentages. The study found that respondents were inadequate in water
safety information, relied on home and friends for water safety information, perceived drowning
and bites from aquatic animals as common water injuries and reported lack of basic water skills. It
was recommended that water safety education should form part of the students' course contents,
social media / online safety site could be explored to discern credible safety information and
uninformed water picnicking should be avoided in the interest of learners overall well-being and
national development.

This study examined the cause-form-impact analysis of girls' trafficking in South West, Nigeria. The
population comprised all officials of the Community Service Organizations (CSOs) in South West,
Nigeria. Six community service organizations were selected using purposive sampling technique,
with evidence of official registration and easy accessibility via internet as basis for selection. From
six CSOs, all the 18 officials were selected using intact group sampling technique. The instrument
for this study was a self-structured questionnaire and records of victims of trafficking available at
the centers within three years. Percentage and graphical representations were used to analyze the
data collected. Results indicated that financial insecurity (41.2%), education disparity (26.8%),
parents' dictate (14.4%) and parents' death (14.4%) were found to be main causes of girls'
trafficking. Usual forms of girls' trafficking are sexual exploitation (44.4%), domestic servitude
(28.1%) and modern slavery/exploitation (18.9%). Also, involvement in anti-social behaviours
(43.1%), non-completion of school (27.5%) and emotional trauma (20.3%) were after-effects of
girls' trafficking. This study concluded that girls' trafficking which occurs in forms of domestic
servitude, modern slavery and sexual exploitation are often caused by financial insecurity of the
girls. Families' economic empowerment and subsidized education for girls among others were
recommended.

Pitiable state of vocabulary has been identified as bane of communicative competence of students.
Overcoming this challenge is hinged on exposing students to different activities which could make
them retain and use vocabulary in their mental treasury. However, the case of the rural oil bearing
communities is challenging as students are deprived of quality teachers because of the terrain.
Exposure to English language is reserved for few hours of interactions in the classroom. This
appears to have restricted student vocabulary in English. It appears that no serious efforts have been
made to upgrade student mental lexicon in previous studies. This paper adopted a pre-test, post-test
quasi-experimental design. One hundred and fifty participants drawn from Apoi,Izon and Ilaje
riverine communities were purposively selected for the research. The results showed that
vocabulary instructions improved students' mental lexicon and that there was increase in the speed
of participants in lexical decision tasks.

Contemporary world attention is today focused on education as an instrument of launching nations
into the world of politics, science and technology with the consequential hope of human
advancement in terms of living conditions, environmental development, socio-economic and
political growth. Education is the force and bulwark of any nation's defence. Repositioning
education in this post Covid-19 pandemic era in favour of women who constitute more than 50% of
the nation's population, will be a right step in the right direction for national development. This
positional paper, is focused on paving the way for more women in the political and socio-economic
arena through repositioning the current educational system.

Nutritional status of a population largely depends on the consumption of foods in relation to
body's needs and requirements. Pregnant women are documented to require extra nourishment to
make for demands of developing foetus. Nutrition during pregnancy is inextricably related to
nutritional status, and it apparently depends on many factors, which influence outcome of
pregnancy. This study examined socio-economic and cultural factors as determinants of
nutritional status of pregnant women in Ibadan South East Local Government Area of Oyo State,
Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey research design, and the population comprised all
pregnant women in Ibadan South East Local Government Area of Oyo State. The sample size was
five hundred respondents selected using purposive sampling technique to cover the twelve wards in
the area. A self-developed, structured and experts validated questionnaire which had Cronbach
Alpha reliability value of 0.78 was used to glean data, which were analyzed using frequencies,
percentages and Multiple Regression at 0.05 alpha level. It was found that low income (â = .434,
p<.05), education (â = .133, p<.05) and religious belief (â = .217, p<.05) were determinants of
nutritional status of pregnant women in Ibadan South East Local Government Area of Oyo State. It
was recommended that pregnant women in the area should be educated on nutritional needs, be
motivated to visit health care centres regularly and governments should make foods affordable and
available to individuals, particularly pregnant women.

Researchers in English Language have spread their tentacles in carrying out research in different
areas of English language. This is because the study of English is important and plays a major role
in communication. As our attempt to contribute to knowledge, this study investigated gender
difference as factor affecting glosses on students' vocabulary acquisition in English language. The
study adopted the Quasi-experimental, non-randomized pretest, posttest control group design.
From a population of one thousand two hundred and ten (1210)Senior Secondary one (1) students;
with a sample size of one hundred and twenty (120) students, two intact classes were used, which
was drawn from two sampled single sex public schools of all male and all female respectively. The
Vocabulary Acquisition Test in English Language (VATIEL) was adopted for data collection. Mean
and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while ANCOVA and the
independent sample t- test were used to test the hypotheses. Results revealed that there was no
significant difference in the scores of male and female students. Based on the result of the study, it
was suggested that attention be paid to gender differences in other related areas of English
language.

African traditional society is very rich in cultural heritage and value and as such have various
means of disseminating information and feelings among her people. Among Yoruba speaking
communities, the means of communication before the advent of European men vis-à-vis civilization
or modern development is popularly known as 'Aroko' 'Aroko' is a symbolic way of communication
among groups, communities and individuals. This act of symbolic representations was put in place
before writing in order to transfer values and norms of the indigenous society from generation to
generation. Symbols, however, developed from traditional communication devices to modern
devices. Part of traditional symbolic means of sending information include the use of gongs,
gunshots, beating of drum, smoke of fire lightening among others, are means of communication
among African societies, especially Yoruba in the olden days. This paper therefore focused on
importance of symbols in African settings. Its cultural values and how to promote its usage in the
present dispensation. The paper recommended that individuals especially youths should be trained
to develop competence in decoding African symbols and ability to use these symbols to
communicate in our society regardless of religious belief and affiliation

Most Nigerians parents usually concentrate effort and resources on academic development of
the child and would rather give little or no consideration to sport participation for the fear that
taking part in sport may impede academic performance of the child. However, sport
participation contributes to both physiological and psychological development of the child, and
by extension, intellectual development. With parents' apathy towards sport participation,
children would miss out on the benefits associated with regular physical activity through sports.
The current study investigated the relationship between sport participation and academic
performance among senior secondary school students (n=200) in Akoko North East Local
Government Area of Ondo State. Number of sports played by participants and the number of
times participants played sports per week were used as measures of level sport participation,
while the Junior Secondary School Certificate Examination results were used as the measure of
academic performance. Pearson's correlation showed a negative relationship between sport
participation and academic performance. It was recommended that parents only allow their
children to have controlled access to sport participation.

This study examined the effects of two motivational styles (set induction and reinforcement) on
students' achievement in Mathematics. Two research questions and one research hypothesis which
centered on the two motivational styles were asked and formulated respectively. The research
employed a quasi-experimental design of pre-test post-test control group at three levels namely:
reinforcement, set induction and control group. The sample consisted of 99 students in three intact
classes of three schools randomly selected from Badagry Local Government Area of Education
District V in Lagos State, Nigeria. Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) validated face and content
wise was used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was established by Kuder-
Richardson formula 20 and the coefficient obtained was 0.77. The data collected were analyzed
with SPSS version 20. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions
while the research hypothesis was tested using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and
Scheffe'spost-hoc analysis at 0.05 level of significance. Results of the study revealed a significant
main effect of set induction and reinforcement on students' achievement in Mathematics. These
findings revealed that the two motivational styles (reinforcement and set induction) enhanced
students' achievement in Mathematics than the conventional teaching strategy. It was
recommended among others that reinforcement and set induction should be incorporated and
emphasized in the senior secondary school curriculum as viable motivational styles that can be
adopted in teaching students to improve their achievements in Mathematics.