International Journal of Educational Research and Development

The study investigated sexual dysfunction, socio-cultural beliefs and communication styles as
predictors of marital satisfaction among married people in Nigeria. The research design used was
the descriptive research of the survey type. The population consisted of all married people in the
three major ethnic groups in Nigeria (Igbo, Hausa/Fulani and Yoruba).
The sample for the study comprised 1,200 married people whose ages ranged from 18 years and
above selected through multi-stage sampling technique. The instrument used for the study was a
questionnaire titled “Marital Relations Questionnaire (MRQ) “. The instrument's face and
content validities were ensured while the construct validity yielded a co-efficient of 0.73 Testretest
method of reliability was adopted with a co-efficient of 0.80 at 0.05 significant level. One
research hypothesis was postulated for the study and tested using multiple regression analysis at
0.05 significant level. The findings of the study showed that socio-cultural beliefs of married people
in Nigeria were the single best predictor of marital satisfaction among married people in Nigeria
with a beta weight of 0.057 (57%). Based on this findings, It was recommended that counsellors
should design effective programmes that would enable married people in Nigeria to have a change
in their negative perspective towards marriage. Parents should encourage their children to marry
from any part of Nigeria when every condition is met. In addition, would be couple should involve
their parents in the selection of their life partners.

Educational measurement serves as a basis for the quantitative description of learners' behaviours
to inform decisions on the learners. Measurements in psychological and behavioural sciences are
not devoid of errors and the sources of the errors are multifarious. Error is the difference between
the observed score of a learner and his true score. The smaller the error of measurement, the more
the observed score tends towards the true score. Measurement error can lead to wrong decision and
wrong decision has great consequences on the future of learners and the society at large This paper
examined the meaning of test, measurement and evaluation; qualities of a good test; concept of
validity; significance of test validity; concept of reliability; significance of test reliability;
relationship between reliability and validity, error of measurement; sources of error of
measurement; standard error of measurement; ways of reducing measurement error; and
implications of standard error of measurement to teachers' decisions on students' academic
achievement. In view of the consequential effect of measurement error on teachers' decisions,
teachers should strive daily to minimize the measurement error. It was recommended among others
that: (i). Knowledge of the qualities of good tests and their derivations must be made essential for
classroom teachers. (ii). Multiple measures of students' performance should be adopted by
classroom teachers to take decisions on students' actual performance since average of multiple
measures would yield the true ability of the learner than the observed score that is being
contaminated with errors.

The food one eats can be either the safest and most powerful form of medicine or the slowest form of
poison. The purpose of this study was to consider the perceptions of medical personnel on artificial
breast feeding among nursing mothers amid COVID 19 pandemic in Akure South Local
Government Area, Ondo state Nigeria. One research question and three hypotheses were raised to
guide the study Four hundred participants were selected who took part in the study. A selfdeveloped
questionnaire of 4-points Likert type rating scale with reliability coefficient of 0.84 was
used to collect data from 400 nurses selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. The
statistics of frequency counts and percentages were used to analyse demo graphic data of the
respondents, chi square statistics wasused to analyse responses. The results showed that
hypotheses one and three were rejected while hypotheses two was accepted at 0.05 alpha level of
significance.

The academic wellbeing of children shows that the teacher is concerned about all the categories of
children in the class. The fast learners, the slow learners, the challenged pupils and so on. This
implies that no matter the limitations, every pupils needs to be taken care of academically. Early
childhood education being the foundational education requires adequate preparation physically,
academically and psychologically. In imparting knowledge in early childhood, the teacher needs to
be conscious of many factors and variables. Liberation teaching simply means the method of
teaching that helps the teacher not to give up upon any child. To give up on any child can lead to
stigmatisation and a stigma can hinder an individual from full participation in the class which can
greatly diminish the self-esteem of the child. Liberation teaching is necessary for the creation of the
encouraging classroom. This implies that the encouraging classroom environment is extended to
every child. The method also enables the teacher to accept every child in the class as a person of
worth. The fact is that children in the classroom are from different cultural backgrounds with
different physical characteristics, behavioural styles, social attributes, learning capabilities,
physical disabilities, level of attention span, level of self–esteem and self –concept. Any of these
could impede or enhance the academic well-being of pupils in early childhood education. The
liberation teaching method is developmentally appropriate, guidance oriented, child-centred, and
culturally responsive. This paper makes use of liberation teaching method based on social
psychology of Goffman and Maslow theories. The paper also discusses the factors responsible for
stigmatization.

Vocational guidance has been identified as a veritable tool for improving students' academic
performance and career development. However, research has shown that there is a decline in
guidance service and support for vocational guidance service across the government Technical
Colleges in Ondo State. Hence this study examined the effects of vocational guidance on the career
choice of technical college students in Ondo State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of the
survey type was adopted for the study. Primary data were collected through a well-structured,
validated and reliable questionnaire. The population of the study comprised all the students in the
five Government Technical Colleges in Ondo State. Multi- Stage sampling procedure was used to
select 150 respondents for the study. The data collected were analyzed through the use of descriptive
and inferential statistics. Findings showed that the respondents highly agreed that vocational
guidance forum, talk, or seminar is always interesting (x =3.16) while they moderately disagreed
that students put up non-chalant attitude during guidance classes (x =1.94); grand mean 2.12. It
was also revealed that vocational guidance service in the study area is of moderate level with a
grand mean of 1.88. Inadequate motivation and insufficient guidance facilities were identified as
constraints to effective vocational guidance in the study area. Further findings showed that
vocational guidance helps students make career choices that are in line with their interests, aptitude
and abilities (x =3.30).Therefore, the study concluded that vocational guidance is highly relevant in
Government Technical Colleges, thus, all hands must be on deck to ensure that vocational guidance
in Technical Colleges in Ondo State is improved so as to enhance the performance of Technical
College leavers and proper career choice.

Despite the importance of Mathematics to personal and professional endeavours of individual,
experiences of learners, their environment and anxiety towards mathematics may have affected
their attitude towards learning business mathematics. Thus, this study appraises previous
experiences, learning environment and anxiety as predictors of attitude towards learning Business
Mathematics among students in colleges of education in Lagos State. A survey research design was
adopted. The population of the study comprised students who had taken Business Mathematics in
the three public institutions in Lagos State with 311 respondents selected through proportionate
sampling as sample. Four hypotheseswere tested at 0.05 level of significance. Business
Mathematics Attitudinal Questionnaire (BMAQ) was used to collect relevant data and the data
collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple
Regression Analysis. The study revealed that previous experience and learning environment had
positive relationships with attitude towards Business Mathematics while anxiety related negatively
with attitude towards Business Mathematics. Besides, previous experience and anxiety were
observed to jointly predict learners' attitude towards Business Mathematics while learning
environment was observed to be insignificant. It was recommended that adequate measures while
teaching Mathematics at pre-tertiary institutions should be taken to avoid negative experience and
anxiety among students.

The study assessed capacity building facilities as predictors of teachers' productivity in secondary
schools in Ondo State. Teachers' productivity has been a great concern to the stakeholders in
education in recent time. Teachers seem not to be adequately motivated and trained in comparison
with their counterparts in other professions.
The descriptive research design was used for the study. The sample for the study was 200 teachers
selected from 30 public secondary schools in Ondo State. Simple random and purposive sampling
techniques were used to choose the sample from the population. A self-designed questionnaire
tagged“(ACBFTPQ)” was designed and used to elicit information from the respondents. The data
collected were analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings revealed that there were significant relationships between the independent variable
(capacity building facilities) and the dependent variable (teachers' productivity).
It was concluded that capacity building facilities predicted teachers' productivity in public
secondary schools in Ondo State. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that there
should be a joint and individual contribution of the government, principals and teachers to the
capacity building of teachers in secondary schools in Ondo State.

The Nigerian National Policy on Education is the Federal Governments' blueprint to guide her
educational system. It is on this blueprint, vocational education is enshrined. Vocational education
been the education which is aimed at skills acquisition is sacrosanct to the development of Nigeria.
It is against this backdrop this work focused on discussing achieving the prospects of vocational
education in Nigeria: the need for adequate funding. The work discussed the concept of vocational
education, goals and objectives; prospects; the need for adequate funding of; and source of finances
for vocational education in Nigeria respectively. Finally, it concluded and recommended that
adequate funding is a pre-requisite to vocational education in the country. As such, if ample funding
is channeled towards vocational education, the status of vocational education in Nigeria will
change to the better and there will be rapid economic growth for the country.

The purpose of this study was to assess Science Education students' perception on the use of
Computer-Based Test (CBT) mode of examinations in Prince Abubakar Audu, University, Anyigba,
Nigeria. Two research questions and a null hypothesis guided the study. A case study research
design was adopted in this study. The population of the study comprised of 3,000 students from 100
and 200 levels of Science Education Department. Proportionate stratified random sampling
technique was used to select 1,500 students from the two levels in the institution. The instrument for
data collection was a 20-item structured questionnaire titled Science Education student's
perception on the use of CBT mode of examinations in Price Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba.
The questionnaire was structured on a 4-point rating scale and was face validated by three experts.
Cronbach's Alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument at 0.80 which is
high and reliable for the study. Research question one and two were analyzed using Mean and
standard deviation. While the null hypothesis was tested using t–test statistics at 0.05 level of
significance. The result of the study showed that, Science Education students' perception on the use
of CBT mode of examination had higher mean ratings. Again, the result shows no significant gender
difference on their perception on the CBT modes of examinations in the University. Based on the
findings, it was recommended, among others, that Students should be trained on how to use
computer based examinations during the process of studying general studies (GST) and
entrepreneur development studies (EDS) courses in the university to boost their performance, since
they will be assessed using CBT mode of examination.

This study was designed to determine the challenges facing the utilization of Information
Communication Technology (ICT) facilities in the technical colleges in Enugu Education zone. A
descriptive survey research design was used for the study. One research question was raised for the
study and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance was formulated to guide the study.
and tested using the t-test statistical tool. A structured question naireon Challenges Facing
Utilization of ICT Facilities in Technical Colleges (CFUICTFTC) was used to gather opinions and
obtain data from211 year two students and 36 teachers from the four technical colleges in Enugu
Education zone. Three experts carried out the face validation of the instrument. The overall
reliability coefficient applying the Spearman's rank order correlation co-efficient formula yielded
0.93. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample size of the students. The
analysis showed that the mean scores of the teachers in respect of the challenges facing utilization of
the ICT facilities in the technical colleges are of low extent across the board. Whereas the students'
mean scores showed high extent in respect of the challenges facing the utilization of the available
ICT facilities. There was a significant difference in the mean scores of teachers and the students. The
t-calculated value of 16.73 is greater than t-table value of 1.64 at P<0.05 level of significance.
Therefore significant difference existed in the mean scores of teachers and students in respect of the
challenges facing the utilization of ICT facilities in the technical colleges studied. Lack of computer
literate teachers in technical colleges as well as the epileptic power supply without backup
electricity generating sets constituted major challenges in the utilization of ICT facilities in the
technical colleges in Enugu Education zone.

The paper titled exploring the process of selecting cultural and creative Arts at Junior Secondary
School Curriculum content, discusses the conceptual analysis which covers the concept of cultural
and creative Arts, the general objective of cultural and creative Arts at Junior Secondary School,
the cultural and creative Arts curriculum content for Junior Secondary Schools, the Junior
Secondary Schools (JS I) themes/topics, among which is the existence of gap between the
curriculum taught to teacher trainee and the reality that exists in the schools, such realities include
criteria for the selection of cultural and creative Arts curriculum content at Junior Secondary
School (JSS), the role of stakeholders in the selection of cultural and creative Arts curriculum
contents, the factors militating against the selection of cultural and creative Arts curriculum
content and so forth. It was recommended among others that there is need to provide adequate
incentives to attract and retain capable teachers in teacher education programme. The paper is
written with the view to benefit the bodies, policy makers and facilitators of cultural and creative
Arts of teacher education institutions. It will also benefit curriculum designers, planners and
developers. The paper is important to teacher trainee and the serving teachers by exploring what is
conferred on teachers as curriculum leaders, for sustainable development what is obtainable and
prospect to the situation on ground.

This paper examined previous technologies used for teaching activities prior to the 21st
century with a views to identify roles and challenges of teachers in the 21st century. It suggested a
developmental scheme to allow students and teachers in any classroom to find a starting point and
advance along dimensions identified. In a fully developed knowledge building environment, the
ways people and ideas interact are critical to the integration of deep understanding, knowledge
creation, and practical action. It further emphasized the need to move toward high-end knowledge
environments, examined pedagogy of education and what is expected of the 21st century teachers
and how modern technologies can help integrate and enhance different approaches, how formative
assessments can be used to increase the pace of innovation, and how quality assurance could be
influenced by 21st century teachers.

This study investigated the relationship between school feeding and pupils' commitment to
schooling. Furthermore, the study foraged into the challenges facing the home-grown school
feeding programme in the state with a view to making the programme effective and sustainable.
Survey research design with a triangulated method of data collection was adopted for the research.
The population of the study consisted of 4,900 teachers and 10 local inspectors of education in the
study area. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select 1,590 teachers and
head teachers. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 local inspectors of education.
Two major instruments used for data collection were 'School Feeding Programme Scale' (SFPS)
and 'Pupils' Commitment to Schooling Questionnaire' (PCSQ). The established reliability
coefficients of the instruments were .78 and .89 respectively. The data collected were analysed by
the use of descriptive and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics at .05 level of
significance. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between school feeding
and pupils' commitment to schooling. Based on the findings, the study recommends amongst other
things that the government in Nigeria should sustain and improve on the home- grown school
feeding programme

The study examined the impact of motivation and Job performance among public Secondary School
teachers in Edo State of Nigeria. A descriptive research design of the survey type and the ex-postfacto
research design were used in the study. The Population of the study consisted of all the 5,091
teachers and 681 principals of secondary schools in Edo State The sample comprised 2,400
teachers and 60 principals of secondary schools. Two research questions were raised and two
hypotheses were formulated for the study. Two sets of questionnaire titled Teachers Motivation
Questionnaire (TMQ): r=0.92 and Job Performance of Teachers Questionnaire (JPTQ): r=0.80
were used to elicit information from respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to answer the
research questions while inferential statistics was used to test the hypotheses formulated at 0.05
level of significant. Results from the analysis showed salary was more pronounced in teachers' motivation.
This accounted for 1.741 beta weight followed by promotion with a beta weight of 1.26 and school leadership
with 1.11, while gender had a least beta weight of .209. There was a positive and significant relationship
between salary and teachers' level of motivation (r = 0.989, P<0.05), More so, there was a positive and
significant relationship between teachers' promotion policy and teachers' level of motivation (r = 0.875,
P<0.05); and there was a positive and significant relationship between perceived recognition and level of
teachers' motivation (r = 0.998, P<0.05). Based on the findings, it was concluded that teachers' motivation is
high in Edo State and must be sustained. Government should reinvigorate and put in place welfare packages
that would improve the societal recognition of teachers.

This study investigated perception of students towards peer pressure influence and cohabitation in a
college of education in Ondo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the non-experimental research
design involving descriptive survey type of research. The study used a sample of 300 students
selected through the use of stratified and simple random sampling techniques from a federal college
of education in Ondo State. The instrument titled peer pressure influence and cohabitation
questionnaire was used for the data collection. The data collected were analysed through frequency
count, percentage and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The results showed that majority of
the students perceived peer pressure as influential to cohabitational behaviour among the students.
The results further indicated that significant relationship existed between students perceptions of
peer pressure influence and cohabitation (r = 0.362; r-tab = 0.195). Based on the findings of the
study, it was concluded that college of education students did not perceived cohabitation among
unmarried college of education students as abnormal behaviour to the society rather they are fully
in support of cohabitation among unmarried students, hence, it was recommended that
cohabitation among unmarried college of education students must be controlled through
legislation to prevent ridicule to the institution of marriage.

To learn, “normal” and students with special needs need to feel safe and supported. A healthy, safe
and supportive learning environment enables students and those with special needs to learn in
powerful ways. The study examined school safety and students' academic performance in public
secondary schools for students with special needs in Oyo State. The study employed descriptive
research design of survey type. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the 5 Principals,
53 teachers with bias in special education and all the 228 students with special needs in the five
sampled public secondary schools which cater for the education of students with special needs in
Oyo State. A researcher designed questionnaire tagged: “School Safety and Students' Academic
Performance Questionnaire (SSSAPQ) was used. The questionnaire was validated using face and
content validity method. Test re-test reliability technique was employed. This yielded reliability coefficient
of 0.70. Frequency count, percentage and mean score were used in answering the two
research questions while Pearson product-moment correlation statistics was used to test the only
hypothesis. The findings revealed that emotional and physical safety measures were insufficiently
provided in the sampled schools. It was recommended among others that government and other
stakeholders should collaborate in providing these safety measures in the sampled schools since
they are critical to the safety and education of students with special needs.

People with special needs fall among the disadvantaged group that constitute an important and
special group that the society needs to care for. However, this group of people continues to
experience some form of social exclusion, marginalization and discrimination in the society. This
study looked at the position of such group of persons with special needs which are socially excluded
and advocate for social inclusion. The study discussed some of the challenges faced by the disabled
persons from lack of available facilities, to access and that of mobility. In places where such
facilities abound it does not accommodate the disabled, people generally have negative attitudes
towards them. The study suggested that; Government should encourage traditional rulers to
provide avenue for participation in traditional activities, festivals and related issues that promote
their status in societies; Sponsor, Promote and conduct campaigns that will change people's
mentality towards people with disability among others.

The study investigated teachers and students' perception of the contributions of mobile learning to
the teaching and learning of Business Studies in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The
researchdesign for the study is a descriptive research of the survey type. The population for the
study comprised teachers and students in 10 Junior Secondary Schools in Ikere Local Government
Area, Ekiti State. The sample size was 80 students and 25 teachers, randomly selected across four
Junior Secondary Schools in Ikere Local Government Area of EkitiState. The research instrument
used was a self-designed questionnairetitled “Teachers' and students' perception of the
contributions of mobile learning to the teaching and learning of business studies in secondary
schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria”, which was validated by experts in Business Education. The
reliability of the instrument was ensured using cronbach alpha method of reliability coefficients of
0.77 and 0.79 were obtainedfor teachers and students respectively. t-test statistics was used for
testing the hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significance. Findings revealed that both students and
teachers were aware of the possibility of using mobile learning devices for teaching and learning; it
also revealed theirperceived contributions of mobile-learning to the effective teaching and learning
of business studies in junior secondary schools. Based on the findings, it was concluded that mobile
learning is necessary for effective teaching and learning of business studies in secondary schools.
It was recommended that school authorities should encourage teachers and students to make use of
mobile devices to enhance teaching and learning; Government should encourage and finance the
use of mobile learning by teachers and students of business and provide the needed facilities such as
stable electricity power supply, conducive classrooms and improve students' learning.

Teachers-students classroom interaction could best describe cordial academic relationships and as
such, are fundamental to the length at which students perform academically. English language on
the other hand is a core subject in every level of education; investigating classroom teaching
through teacher-students interaction cannot be underestimated. There is no gain saying that
researchers have done well to investigate interactions pattern between teachers and students in
classroom work, however, not much have been investigated about English language especially in
the senior secondary schools. This study therefore was conducted using a multi stage sampling
technique to select twenty five (25) English teachers and two hundred and fifty (250) students from
the four (4) Local Governments in Oyo Town, Oyo State, Nigeria. The instruments used for the
research consisted of two instruments, namely; English Language Performance Test with
coefficient of kr 0 = 0.72. and Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories with coefficient of 0.79 and 2
Data collected were analyzed using T-test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Analysis of
Covariance (ANOVA). Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between teachersstudents
classroom interaction and academic performance of students in English Language which
is negative (r=721; p<0.01). Among others, it was recommended that in-service teaching courses
should be organized by government agencies responsible for the smooth running of education such
as Ministry of Education in order to allow teachers in Nigeria schools to acquire skills that are
capable of fostering interaction in the classroom.

This paper focused on the influence of women in the academia on female students'
vocational skill acquisition in Colleges of Education in Nigeria. Vocational and Technical
Education is a vital component of education in the development of practical and
saleable/marketable skills for economic development and empowerment of youths in Nigeria.
Important areas highlighted include: concept of Vocational and Technical education, problems
facing female students, the major objectives of the girl-child education project (GEP), women in
academics, social vices and the way forward. It was concluded that the family, with regards to the
social and economic support, will no doubt, contribute effectively to the individual responsibilities
in the development of the society. It was recommended that women in academics, especially in
vocational educations, should have conscious interest in helping and influencing vocational female
students in getting interested in acquiring vocational skills through counselling and encouragement
to work hard and avoid engaging in social vices as having one vocation or the other could sustain
their present and future lives.